Stock options trading – Common stockholders of companies which have senior securities must also consider the extent to which the company has earned the interest on its bonded debt.

Standard of California has no bonds, but reference again to Central Illinois Public Service will illustrate the arithmetic. Net revenues of $54.6 million minus operating expenses and taxes of $41.6 million leaves a net profit from operations of about $13 million. "Other income" of about $245,000 should be added in, and the total divided by the total bond interest. For Central Illinois in 1958, this was a little over $3 million.

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